The Search for an Alternative to Aluminium Based Vaccines

Reported incidences of toxicity due to aluminium based vaccines have always been a concern (Clements, 1996; Clements and Griffiths, 2002; Edleman, 1997). Therefore, there has always been a constant effort to search for alternative adjuvants. Polymeric micro and nanoparticles can act as a delivery vehicle and along with their adjuvanting capabilities may enhance the efficacy of the vaccine (Gregory et al., 2013; Koping-Hoggard et al., 2005; Panyam and Labhasetwar, 2003). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been studied as potential adjuvants by many researchers but no considerable success has been achieved in this direction. Moreover, in none of these studies, immunised test animals were exposed to the actual disease causing agent and efficacy of the formulations was demonstrated only by the presence of anti-tetanus antibodies by ELISA (Johansen et al., 2000; Katare and Panda, 2006; Raghuvanshi et al., 2001). Absolute estimation of vaccine efficacy should also be made by expos ing the vaccinated individual to the actual disease causing agent. Furthremore, for a vaccine to be used in pre-clinical or clinical studies, potency testing of vaccine should be undertaken as per WHO and/or pharmocopoeial guidelines for ensuring its efficacy and acceptability (European Pharmacopoeia, 2008; Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2010; World Health Organisation, 1990). In our study, the efficacy of the test formulations was evaluated by ELISA as well as challenge method and synergistic effect ofShow MoreRelatedAlumnium-based Adjuvants Produce Long-lasing Vaccinations1233 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION Aluminium based adjuvants have been used extensively to induce long lasting protective immunity through vaccination and billions of doses have been administered over the years (Lindblad, 2004). But reported incidences of toxicity and side effects of aluminium have raised concerns regarding their safety in childhood vaccines. These effects include minor local reactions such as pain and erythema, a nodule at the site of injection and systemic reactions which may entail fever, malaiseRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesany forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed under ‘Risk factors’ on pages 53 to 57 of this Annual Report. GSK Annual Report 2010 02 GSK at a glance We are one of the world’s leading research-based pharmaceutical and healthcare companies. We are committed to improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. How we do it GSK has focused its business on the delivery of three strategic priorities,Read MoreIkea at a Glance26682 Words   |  107 Pagesdevelopment, and we adapt better to a changing world by taking help from others in exploring what the future holds for IKEA and society in general. A three-day â€Å"Future Search† workshop with both internal and external stakeholders was a milestone that gave us invaluable input to our strategic direction for FY10-15 and beyond. Future Search gathered 75 of our co-workers, suppliers, organisations and experts – including WWF, Greenpeace, UNICEF, Save the Children and Oxfam – to examine and challenge theRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmanagement for business excellence. Sony (A) – a diverse hi-tech multinational responds to change with repeated reorganisations. Arts Council – changes in structure and responsibilities in funding the arts in the UK. Tetra Pak – success throu gh a project-based organisation structure. Fed-Ex – packaging new business models to deliver competitive advantage. Forestry Commission – from forestry management to service provider: the challenge of managing change. Marks Spencer (A) – can new initiatives and new